Risk
3-D Secure (3DS)
An authentication layer that asks the cardholder to verify identity with their bank during checkout.
3-D Secure (3DS) adds a verification step where the cardholder confirms their identity with the issuing bank, shifting liability for certain fraud away from the merchant.
Applied where it makes sense, it can reduce fraud and chargebacks; applied everywhere, it can add checkout friction — so it should be tuned deliberately.